Is the BLACK WIDOW 20 TON AIR OPERATED HYDRAULIC PRESS Any Good? I assemble, review and mod it.
I needed a hydraulic shop press for many uses.
Force testing vs displacement on some rubber samples.
Pressing and forming PEM nut threaded inserts into sheet metal
Bending sheet metal
Pressing in pins. Pushing out pins.
One thing I would like to be able to do is to pull on samples to test to failure. I could find or modify this press with a double-acting hydraulic cylinder. The way this hydraulic press is designed, the head with cylinder can be flipped upside down with the cylinder extending upwards. A steel frame can be made to hang down from the cylinder piston, allowing samples to be pulled apart.
I looked at all the 20-ton floor-standing hydraulic presses that use a hydraulic cylinder that is independent from the pump and reservoir (does not use a bottle jack).
Selection Criteria
Necessary Requirements
Floor standing
At least 20 ton capacity
Independent cylinder (No bottle jack)
Adjustable cylinder head position left/right
Air operated in addition to handle/foot operated. Air allows the cylinder to be moved significantly faster.
Would Be Nice
Hydraulic cylinder is dual action. It can be retracted with an equal amount of force.
If dual action hydraulic cylinder is not available, then it should be possible/easy to flip the cylinder head upside down.
BLACK WIDOW 20T AIR OPERATED HYDRAULIC PRESS by Discount Ramps
I chose the Black Widow 20 Ton air operated hydraulic press. It appeared well made and reasonably priced. It didn't come with any accessories, but it appears to be the same as models sold by OEMTOOLS and Redline Engineering
WHERE TO BUY
DIMENSIONS
THE GOOD
Very solid and well made frame.
The hydraulic components appear to be well made and good quality.
The air powered pump works well, especially for rapidly extending the cylinder.
The force gauge is large, easy to read and appears to work well. The graduation spacing is small.
THE BAD (Room For Improvement)
NOTE! Although the bad list is longer than the good list, I'm mainly nitpicking on details that could be improved. There's nothing that affects the functionality of the press. Other presses in this price range will have similar issues.
The packaging was terrible. The boxes were barely holding together, but fortunately, I'm surprised that the more sensitive parts didn't get damaged. Most of the parts are heavy metal, so at those just got scratches and nicks in the paint. The force gauge was close to death but survived.
The instructions don't indicate screw sizes on the diagram. You have to figure that out yourself.
The cylinder slides around too easily on the upper beam. It needs some way to lock it in place.
The cylinder mounting block hangs down a few mm from the rail, so after contacting the workpiece, you still have to extend a few more pumps before the force begins to be applied. Adding some screws on the top side of the mount above the rail to pull the mounting plate against the bottom of the rail will fix this and the cylinder sliding issue.
The pump handle stays in the pump when released, but falls out easily if bumped or the pressure is released. This is dangerous as it can feel and hit you. I get that leaving the handle in place is dangerous because it is long, sticks out far and so it's easy to run into it, but they need to figure out a better solution.
The spring clips for the table support pins are goofy. They pop off easy and shoot off, so they will be easy to lose. They should have included extras.
The table is loose on the column. It would be nice if it could clamp to the upright legs to prevent the table from moving around as you are using it.
ACCESSORIES
Shop Press Pin Set
I bought the OEM TOOLS Shop Press Pin Set. It's a modular system that allows you to quick change the diameter of the press pin. Also comes with a base with holes for each pin.
WHERE TO BUY PIN SET
Each pin diameter has a specific tonnage force that should not be exceeded.
It also came with a thick punch plate with holes sized for the pins and marking their max tonnage design force.
Redline sells an identical looking asset for more money. Redline also sells individual pins, so pins can be modified and replaced easily.
UPGRADES, MODS and IMPROVEMENTS
Clamp The Cylinder To Prevent It From Sliding
Install a sheet metal plate under the bottom plate, and another over the top beam. Use 3/8 threaded rods to clamp the hydraulic press assembly to the rail. One threaded rod on each side should be enough.
Tabs To Prevent Table From Falling Off Pins When Raising Or Lowering
The table assembly bolts are mounted in a diagonal pattern. This design allows the table to be removed from the frame by lifting up one end, rotating the table vertically until it is free from the legs and can be removed from the frame.
The table is not terribly heavy and can be lifted and held in place while the pins are moved. However it is unwieldy, so holding it steady while you're moving the pins is challenging without help.
The easiest way to raise or lower the table is to tilt it up an angle such that it pivots on top of the pin at the stationary end until the other end reaches the next hole. The risk here is that the end that's sitting on top of the pin slides off the pin, and the table falls if not held properly. Adding some tabs the prevented the table from sliding off the pins would solve this problem.
Add A Foot Pedal Air Valve
It's tricky and slightly dangerous to try to operate the air pressure switch and hold the piece being pressed in place at the same time. A foot pedal-operated air valve would make things much easier.
I bought and am using this foot pedal and it works awesome! I left the hand switch inline after the foot pedal to act as a safety switch. The hand switch has a lock to keep it on.
WHERE TO BUY
This foot pedal has a 2-way output. It has a normally open output and normally closed. They are labeled A and B. The air input is labeled P. Output B needs to be plugged to prevent air from leaking when not pressed.
Adding A Digital Pressure Gauge
The included gauge is nice, but the resolution is low. Each line is one ton, so it's not a useful measurement gauge for precision use. I found a 10,000 psi digital gauge that displays pressure which can be used to calculate the force applied if the cylinder bore diameter is known. This pressure gauge will provide higher accuracy and resolution.
WHERE TO BUY DIGITAL HIGH PRESSURE GAUGE
This gauge has a G1/4 thread, which is 1/4 BSPP (British Standard Pipe Parallel)
The hydraulic press pump outlet is 1/4in NPT female. The first fitting is a 90 degree 1/4in NPT male to male fitting. The hose from the pump to the cylinder has a 1/4in NPT female fitting on the pump side.
In order to attach this pressure gauge, I will need a T piece with 1/4 NPT male inlet to 2 female outlet. A hose with 1/4 NPT male fitting and on the pressure gauge side, a 1/4 NPT fitting with a 1/4 NPT to female G1/4 adapter.
It is difficult to find 1/4in NPT hydraulic fittings that have a 10,000 psi rating. In fact it appears that the thread/pipe hole diameter itself might be a limiting factor to the max pressure.
This company in the UK has 10kpsi rated fittings https://www.steerforth.co.uk/high-pressure-hydraulic-piece-fittings-p-4266.html
These fittings are rated to 15kpsi. https://hosesolutions.org/hose-adapters/high-pressure/
TABLE LIFT
The table is not very heavy, but it is unwieldy to raise and lower. More expensive hydraulic presses include a winch to raise and lower the table. If the hydraulic press has a stationary cylinder or uses a jack-style cylinder, it's easy to add a cable winch, with the cable coming out both ends of the winch, passing over pulleys at the top corners, and going down to the ends of the table. That way both ends of the table can be lifted evenly.
The Black Widow hydraulic press design makes it a little more tricky to position the winch because the cylinder slides back and forth. So the winch needs to be mounted at the top edge, or on the vertical legs. A strap hand winch will be the easiest to add on because it won't require running a cable over pulleys or rollers. Mount the winch at the top of one of the legs. Pass the strap inside one leg, down to the table and under both table cross bolts, and up the other leg interior and hook it onto the top of the leg.
Watch this video to see how I mounted it and how well it works.
The only issue with mounting it on the side upright is that the handle interferes with the top crossbar. The axle that the handle is attached to needs to be extended to allow the handle to clear the top crossbar. One way to do this is to weld an extended nut (like a coupler nut) onto the handle axle and weld an extended socket on the handle. Then the handle can also be easily removed when not in use.
I discovered that it is even easier to mount the winch such that the handle is on the side and there are no clearance issues. The strap has to twist 90 degrees to pass under the table, but no issues with that either.
WHERE TO BUY WINCH
Some winches have ratcheting handles, which won't interfere with the top frame crossbeam. This winch is available at Harbor Freight, and I haven't found anything similar with a ratcheting handle on Amazon. The downside to the ratcheting handle is that it will be much slower to operate than the normal handle.
If your hydraulic press has parts that interfere with the strap routing, then you can also use a cable winch, but you will need to add pulleys or rollers at every bend. Synthetic winch rope can be used as a substitute for metal cable, as long as nice radiuses are added to all corners and edges for the rope to slide over without causing any damage to it.
Adding Caster Wheels
The feet have holes in them for bolting the hydraulic press to the ground. I doubt most people will do that, especially if they ever want to move it around. Some shop spaces are dynamic and equipment has to move around depending on the project.
My favorite caster wheels for heavy equipment that also need to be very solid when stationary are Foot Master leveling casters. I've used these on my Southbend lathe and other shop tools for years. The wheels don't get flat. The rubber feet work great, but the extension/retraction mechanism could use improvement. It's annoying to use, hurts your fingers, and so it makes you not want to use them often. I haven't tried the ratcheting version, but they are supposedly better. In general they are better suited for heavy equipment that rarely gets moved, not something that you want to take out and put away every time you use it.
WHERE TO BUY
To support the casters, another piece of angle iron will need to be added to the feet. The angle iron should be bolted back to back such that it makes a wider platform to attach the caster wheels, and the spine is in the center. The added height and floor contact offset (from the end of the angle iron) decrease the stability of the already top-heavy hydraulic.
Another caster option is retractable caster wheels. These usually have a foot lever that raises and lowers the caster. There are many inexpensive options of these on Amazon, but the quality is questionable. The one that appears to be the highest quality is sold by BORA.
This is the BORA brand retractable caster solution. The casters must be mounted fairly high, which requires an extended mounting bracket for the hydraulic press legs. I may replace the bottom leg angle with a larger angle. Another flaw with any of these style casters is that unless the caster mount is perfectly level, the caster will want to swivel outwards and attempt to track in a straight line vs following the motion.
FOOT PEDAL MANUAL PUMP
Some hydraulic presses have manual foot pedal pumps, and the concept is pretty simple. The advantage of the foot pumps is a hands-free method to apply pressure, that way you can have both hands free to control the part being pressed.
The foot pedal pivots on the side of the frame and a linkage goes up to the hydraulic hand pump. This foot pump could be made from simple sheet metal parts.
TO BE CONTINUED...
how
How To Pull With a Hydraulic Press
I 7
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